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´ëÇÑÁö¸®ÇÐȸÁö , Vol.51 No.5(2016-10) |
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±âÈĺ¯È ; °í¿Â ; ¿ ½ºÆ®·¹½º ; ÀÛ¹° ; »ý»ê¼º ; climate change ; high temperature ; heat stress ; agricultural crop |
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ÀÛ¹°ÀÇ »ý»ê¼ºÀº »ý½Ä±â°£ Áß °í¿Â¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ¸é °¨¼ÒÇÑ´Ù. IPCC 5Â÷ Æò°¡º¸°í¼´Â °í¿ÂÀÇ ºóµµ°¡ ¹Ì·¡¿¡ °è¼Ó Áõ°¡ÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, ÀÌ´Â ¼¼°è ½Ä·® °ø±Þ¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ °ÍÀ¸·Î Àü¸ÁÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼´Â ±â»óûÀÇ HadGEM2-AO(the coupled atmosphere-ocean model of Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 2) ±âÈĸ𵨰ú FAO/IIASAÀÇ GAEZ(Global Agro-Ecological Zone) ÀÛ¹°¸ðµ¨ ÀڷḦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Àü Áö±¸ ±Ô¸ð¿¡¼ 4°³ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ÀÛ¹°(½Ò, ¿Á¼ö¼ö, Äá, ¹Ð)¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ±âÈĺ¯È·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÀÛ¹°ÀÇ °í¿Â ½ºÆ®·¹½º¸¦ Æò°¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù. °ú°Å±â°£(1961~1990³â)¿¡ ºñÇØ ¹Ì·¡(2070~2090³â)¿¡ »ý½Ä±â°£ µ¿¾È ÃÖ°í±â¿ÂÀº ¾à 1.8~3.5¡É »ó½ÂÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î Àü¸ÁµÇ¸ç, RCP2.6 ½Ã³ª¸®¿À¿¡ ºñÇØ RCP8.5 ½Ã³ª¸®¿À¿¡ µû¸¥ ±â¿Â »ó½ÂÀÌ ´õ Ŭ °ÍÀ¸·Î Àü¸ÁµÈ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ¿ ½ºÆ®·¹½º´Â ºÏ¹Ý±¸ 30~50¡ÆN¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ ÀÛ¹° »ý»ê Áö¿ª¿¡ ±Ø½ÉÇÑ ÇÇÇظ¦ ¹ß»ý½Ãų °ÍÀ¸·Î Àü¸ÁµÈ´Ù. RCP8.5 ½Ã³ª¸®¿À¿¡ µû¸£¸é ¸ðµç ÀÛ¹°¿¡ ´ëÇؼ Àüü Àç¹èÁö¿ªÀÇ ¾à 20%´Â ÇöÀç¿¡ °æÇèÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ ±Ø´ÜÀûÀÎ °í¿Â ½ºÆ®·¹½º¸¦ °æÇèÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀ̸ç, ƯÈ÷ ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼ ½Ò°ú ÄáÀÇ °í¿Â ½ºÆ®·¹½º °µµ°¡ Ŭ °ÍÀ¸·Î Àü¸ÁµÈ´Ù. ±âÈĺ¯È¸¦ ¿ÏÈÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ³ë·Â ¾øÀÌ ÇöÀç Ãß¼¼´ë·Î ¿Â½Ç±âü¸¦ °è¼Ó ¹èÃâÇÑ´Ù¸é ¿Â´ë ¹× ¾Æ¿´ë Áö¿ª¿¡¼ÀÇ ³ó¾÷ÀÌ °í¿Â¿¡ Å©°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î Àü¸ÁµÇ¸ç, ÀÌ´Â ÀÛ¹°ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀ» ¼öÀÔ¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Â ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó ½Ä·®¾Èº¸¿¡ Å« À§ÇùÀÌ µÉ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±âÈĺ¯È¿¡ µû¸¥ ½Ä·®¾Èº¸¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ¿¹ÃøÀÌ ¼öÇàµÇ¾î¾ß Çϸç, ÀûÀÀ Àü·« °³¹ß ¹× ÀûÀýÇÑ ³ó¾÷ Á¤Ã¥ µîÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. |
¿ä¾à2 |
Exposure to high temperatures during the reproductive period of crops decreases their productivity. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change¡¯s (IPCC) fifth Assessment Report predicts that the frequency of high temperatures will continue to increase in the future, resulting in significant impacts on the world¡¯s food supply. This study evaluate climate change-induced heat stress on four major agricultural crops (rice, maize, soybean, and wheat) at a global level, using the coupled atmosphere-ocean model of Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 2 (HadGEM2-AO) and FAO/IIASA Global Agro-Ecological Zone (GAEZ) model data. The maximum temperature rise (1.8-3.5¡ÆC) during the thermal-sensitive period (TSP) from the baseline (1961-1990) to the future (2070-2090) is expected to be larger under a Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 climate scenario than under a RCP2.6 climate scenario, with substantial heat stress-related damage to productivity. In particular, heat stress is expected to cause severe damage to crop production regions located between 30 and 50¡ÆN in the Northern Hemisphere. According to the RCP8.5 scenario, approximately 20% of the total cultivation area for all crops will experience unprecedented, extreme heat stress in the future. Adverse effects on the productivity of rice and soybean are expected to be particularly severe in North America. In Korea, grain demands are heavily dependent on imports, with the share of imports from the U.S. at a particularly high level today. Hence, it is necessary to conduct continuous prediction on food security level following the climate change, as well as to develop adaptation strategy and proper agricultural policy. |